Article
, tregon një hulumtim i Institutit Kombëtar të Studimeve të Larta për Sigurinë dhe Drejtësinë (INHESJ), i publikuar të martën.
Hulumtimi, i pari në Francë i këtyre përmasave, paraqet vlerën e biznesit të drogave kryesore të paligjshme në Francë, duke u bazuar në një qasje “të bazuar në kërkesë”, kanë shpjeguar David Weinberger nga INHESJ dhe Christian Ben Lakhdar, mësimdhënës hulumtues në universitetin e Lille 2, gjatë një seminari të Misionit ndërministror të luftës kundër drogës në Paris.
Nëpërmjet hulumtimeve shëndetësore dhe të dhënave të drejtësisë dhe të policisë, ata kanë analizuar numrin e përdoruesve, intensitetin e tyre të konsumimit (të rregullt, të përditshëm, etj.), sasinë e konsumuar, mënyrat e furnizimit, çmimin e përafërt dhe pastërtinë e produkteve.
Sipas rezultateve të tyre, mesatarisht 1.1 miliard euro janë shfrytëzuar për trafikimin e kanabisit, ndërsa sasia e trafikuar është ndërmjet 163 dhe 195 tonelata. Ndërsa, vëllimi i përgjithshëm i kanabisit të konsumuar i afrohet 285 tonëve, duke llogaritur dhurimet dhe prodhimin personal (në shtëpi).
Krahasuar me vitin 2005, shuma e pazarit më 2010 është rritur për 34%, kryesisht për shkak të ngritjes së çmimit. Më 2005 vlera e tregtisë ishte 832 milionë. Ndërsa, sa i përket vëllimit ka mbetur afërsisht e njëjtë: 277 tonelata, më 2005, kurse 285 tonelata më 2010).
Shitblerja e kokainës përbën tregun e dytë të drogës (38%) me një shifër biznesi prej 902 milionë euro, për 15 tonelata të konsumuara.
Ky treg është dyfishuar në vëllim (8,3 tonelata më 2005) dhe në vlerë (488 milionë euro më 2005), sepse trafikuesit “po e vërshojnë Evropën, sepse çmimi atje është më i lartë se në SHBA”, shpjegon David Weinberger. Çmimi megjithatë ka rënë në masë të madhe që nga vitet 1990 (nga 150 euro në 65 euro grami), gjë që ka rritur “demokratizimin” e saj.
Ndërsa, vlera e biznesit të heroinës sillet ndërmjet 204 e 329 milionë euro, e sasia e konsumuar është ndërmjet 5.1 dhe 8.2 tonelata.
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.